Sheet insulation
Sheet insulation materials include polystyrene, polyurethane and polyisocyanurate boards. Many of these were until recently, or still are, blown with gases which deplete the ozone layer. Some are now available which are Zero ODP (Ozone Depletion Potential), which means that the blowing gases won't damage the ozone layer. All of these boards will need to be Zero ODP by 2004.
These insulation materials have the best insulation value of any commonly available insulation material, but they do require large amounts of energy to produce, and consequently have high 'embodied energy'.
In general these insulation are best used, where no easy alternative is available for vertical applications, masonry cavities and lining attic roofslopes.
Loose fill insulations Insulations such as vermiculite derive from naturally occurring minerals which are processed at high temperatures. The energy used in production is therefore relatively high. They are unsuitable for typical loft applications because of their tendency to move with air movement, potentially leaving areas uninsulated.